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human il 37 protein  (R&D Systems)


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    Structured Review

    R&D Systems human il 37 protein
    <t>Serum</t> <t>IL-37</t> levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.
    Human Il 37 Protein, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 254 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+human+il+37/Recombinant+Human+IL-3+Protein/pmc12937001-104-2-11
    Average 96 stars, based on 254 article reviews
    human il 37 protein - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis"

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Serum IL-37 levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Serum IL-37 levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.

    Techniques Used: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Biomarker Discovery

    The level of IL-37 in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis. The pathogenic bacteria infected in patients with sepsis, (a) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing), (b) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). Serum concentrations of IL-37 in patients with sepsis associated with bacterial infections were measured (c) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (e) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). The serum IL-37 concentrations were evaluated in cases of sepsis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (d) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (f) in the validation cohort (Sichuan).
    Figure Legend Snippet: The level of IL-37 in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis. The pathogenic bacteria infected in patients with sepsis, (a) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing), (b) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). Serum concentrations of IL-37 in patients with sepsis associated with bacterial infections were measured (c) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (e) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). The serum IL-37 concentrations were evaluated in cases of sepsis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (d) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (f) in the validation cohort (Sichuan).

    Techniques Used: Bacteria, Infection, Biomarker Discovery

    The ROC curves for IL-37 at admission for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with sepsis. (a) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the discovery cohort, which included 40 pediatric patients with sepsis from Chongqing. (b) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the validation cohort, which comprised 105 pediatric patients with sepsis from Sichuan. (c) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the discovery cohort from Chongqing. (d) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the validation cohort from Sichuan. AUC refers to the area under the ROC curve; the cut-off value indicates the optimal diagnostic cutoff points for pediatric patients with sepsis; Sens (%): sensitivity; Spec (%): specificity; PPV(%): positive predictive value; NPV(%): negative predictive value.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The ROC curves for IL-37 at admission for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with sepsis. (a) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the discovery cohort, which included 40 pediatric patients with sepsis from Chongqing. (b) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the validation cohort, which comprised 105 pediatric patients with sepsis from Sichuan. (c) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the discovery cohort from Chongqing. (d) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the validation cohort from Sichuan. AUC refers to the area under the ROC curve; the cut-off value indicates the optimal diagnostic cutoff points for pediatric patients with sepsis; Sens (%): sensitivity; Spec (%): specificity; PPV(%): positive predictive value; NPV(%): negative predictive value.

    Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay

    The involvement of IL-37 in regulating inflammation during sepsis in vivo . (a) The flow chart detailing the animal experiments was provided. (b) A significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours after the administration of IL-37, in comparison to the control group treated with PBS and the control following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in (c) blood and (d) PLF from septic mice (n = 5 per group), treated with either IL-37 or PBS 24 hours post-CLP, were quantified using ELISA. (e) mice (n = 8 per group) were injected intraperitoneally with rhIL-37 (2 μg/injection) at CLP, and survival was monitored for 7 days. The results for CXCL-1, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-10 in PLF were presented in a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The involvement of IL-37 in regulating inflammation during sepsis in vivo . (a) The flow chart detailing the animal experiments was provided. (b) A significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours after the administration of IL-37, in comparison to the control group treated with PBS and the control following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in (c) blood and (d) PLF from septic mice (n = 5 per group), treated with either IL-37 or PBS 24 hours post-CLP, were quantified using ELISA. (e) mice (n = 8 per group) were injected intraperitoneally with rhIL-37 (2 μg/injection) at CLP, and survival was monitored for 7 days. The results for CXCL-1, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-10 in PLF were presented in a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

    Techniques Used: In Vivo, Comparison, Control, Ligation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Injection

    The effects on macrophages and neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours post-treatment with IL-37 or PBS in CLP mice (n=5 per group). Peritoneal macrophages were identified by gating on CD11b+F4/80+ cells. M1 macrophages in the abdominal cavity were identified by gating on F4/80+CD86+, while M2 macrophages were identified by gating on F4/80+CD206+. Peritoneal neutrophils were identified by gating on CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. (a) Shows the total number of macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (b) Displays the number of F4/80+CD86+(M1) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference when compared to septic mice treated with PBS control (Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Illustrates the number of F4/80+CD206+(M2) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (d) Depicts the number of neutrophils in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The effects on macrophages and neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours post-treatment with IL-37 or PBS in CLP mice (n=5 per group). Peritoneal macrophages were identified by gating on CD11b+F4/80+ cells. M1 macrophages in the abdominal cavity were identified by gating on F4/80+CD86+, while M2 macrophages were identified by gating on F4/80+CD206+. Peritoneal neutrophils were identified by gating on CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. (a) Shows the total number of macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (b) Displays the number of F4/80+CD86+(M1) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference when compared to septic mice treated with PBS control (Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Illustrates the number of F4/80+CD206+(M2) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (d) Depicts the number of neutrophils in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP.

    Techniques Used: Control, MANN-WHITNEY

    The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant following treatment with IL-37 or PBS for 24 hours on PBMCs derived from pediatric patients with sepsis (n=4). The cytokines were quantified using the flow cytometry CBA method. a–f display the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, respectively, in the culture supernatant after treatment.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant following treatment with IL-37 or PBS for 24 hours on PBMCs derived from pediatric patients with sepsis (n=4). The cytokines were quantified using the flow cytometry CBA method. a–f display the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, respectively, in the culture supernatant after treatment.

    Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry

    The role of IL-37 in the immune regulation of sepsis in vitro . It presents the changes on lymphocyte subsets in pediatric sepsis patients following the administration with IL-37 in PBMCs. The parameters measured included: (a) the percentage of CD3+ T cells, (b) the percentage of CD4+ T cells, (c) the percentage of CD8+ T cells, (d) the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, (e) the percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, (f) the percentage of NK cells, and (g) the percentage of NKT cells. A statistically significant difference was observed with *P < 0.05 when compared to pediatric septic PBMCs treated with PBS control, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The role of IL-37 in the immune regulation of sepsis in vitro . It presents the changes on lymphocyte subsets in pediatric sepsis patients following the administration with IL-37 in PBMCs. The parameters measured included: (a) the percentage of CD3+ T cells, (b) the percentage of CD4+ T cells, (c) the percentage of CD8+ T cells, (d) the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, (e) the percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, (f) the percentage of NK cells, and (g) the percentage of NKT cells. A statistically significant difference was observed with *P < 0.05 when compared to pediatric septic PBMCs treated with PBS control, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

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    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
    Article Snippet: .. OVA‐exposed mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups (n=10 per group): The OVA group received no treatment; the OVA + Sal group received 1 μg saline by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30; and the OVA + IL‐37 group received 1 μg recombinant human IL‐37 (dissolved in 50 μl sterile PBS, R&D Systems, Inc.) by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30 according to a previous protocol (14). ..

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    Article Title: IL-37-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes IL-1R8/Sigirr phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation in lung epithelial cells.
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    Article Title: Expression of IL-37 Induces a Regulatory T-Cell-like Phenotype and Function in Jurkat Cells
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    Article Title: Expression of IL-37 Induces a Regulatory T-Cell-like Phenotype and Function in Jurkat Cells.
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    Saline:

    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
    Article Snippet: .. OVA‐exposed mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups (n=10 per group): The OVA group received no treatment; the OVA + Sal group received 1 μg saline by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30; and the OVA + IL‐37 group received 1 μg recombinant human IL‐37 (dissolved in 50 μl sterile PBS, R&D Systems, Inc.) by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30 according to a previous protocol (14). ..

    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis
    Article Snippet: .. OVA-exposed mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups (n=10 per group): The OVA group received no treatment; the OVA + Sal group received 1 μg saline by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30; and the OVA + IL-37 group received 1 μg recombinant human IL-37 (dissolved in 50 μl sterile PBS, R&D Systems, Inc.) by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30 according to a previous protocol ( ). ..

    Injection:

    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
    Article Snippet: .. OVA‐exposed mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups (n=10 per group): The OVA group received no treatment; the OVA + Sal group received 1 μg saline by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30; and the OVA + IL‐37 group received 1 μg recombinant human IL‐37 (dissolved in 50 μl sterile PBS, R&D Systems, Inc.) by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30 according to a previous protocol (14). ..

    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis
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    Sterility:

    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
    Article Snippet: .. OVA‐exposed mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups (n=10 per group): The OVA group received no treatment; the OVA + Sal group received 1 μg saline by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30; and the OVA + IL‐37 group received 1 μg recombinant human IL‐37 (dissolved in 50 μl sterile PBS, R&D Systems, Inc.) by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30 according to a previous protocol (14). ..

    Article Title: IL-37 relieves allergic inflammation by inhibiting the CCL11 signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis
    Article Snippet: .. OVA-exposed mice were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups (n=10 per group): The OVA group received no treatment; the OVA + Sal group received 1 μg saline by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30; and the OVA + IL-37 group received 1 μg recombinant human IL-37 (dissolved in 50 μl sterile PBS, R&D Systems, Inc.) by intraperitoneal injection prior to each OVA challenge and for 5 days between day 26 and day 30 according to a previous protocol ( ). ..

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Expression of IL-37 Induces a Regulatory T-Cell-like Phenotype and Function in Jurkat Cells
    Article Snippet: Supernatants were then collected and analyzed using DuoSet ® human IL-37/IL-1F7 ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minnneapolis, MN, USA) to measure IL-37 protein abundance, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. As controls, 1 and 2 ng/mL recombinant human IL-37 (R&D) were used to measure the sensitivity of the ELISA assay. ..

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    <t>Serum</t> <t>IL-37</t> levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.
    Human Recombinant Sting Protein, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+human+il+37/Animal-Free+IL-37+Protein%2C+Human/pmc12399207-133-0-4
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    human recombinant sting protein - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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    93
    R&D Systems rhil 37
    <t>Serum</t> <t>IL-37</t> levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.
    Rhil 37, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+human+il+37/Recombinant+Human+IL-37b%2FIL-1F7b+Protein/pm40439750-32-17-18
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    90
    PeproTech recombinant human il-37
    <t>Serum</t> <t>IL-37</t> levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.
    Recombinant Human Il 37, supplied by PeproTech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+human+il+37/il+37+cytokine/pmc12120405-59-0-6
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    Image Search Results


    Serum IL-37 levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum IL-37 levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Biomarker Discovery

    The level of IL-37 in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis. The pathogenic bacteria infected in patients with sepsis, (a) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing), (b) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). Serum concentrations of IL-37 in patients with sepsis associated with bacterial infections were measured (c) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (e) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). The serum IL-37 concentrations were evaluated in cases of sepsis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (d) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (f) in the validation cohort (Sichuan).

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The level of IL-37 in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis. The pathogenic bacteria infected in patients with sepsis, (a) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing), (b) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). Serum concentrations of IL-37 in patients with sepsis associated with bacterial infections were measured (c) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (e) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). The serum IL-37 concentrations were evaluated in cases of sepsis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (d) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (f) in the validation cohort (Sichuan).

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: Bacteria, Infection, Biomarker Discovery

    The ROC curves for IL-37 at admission for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with sepsis. (a) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the discovery cohort, which included 40 pediatric patients with sepsis from Chongqing. (b) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the validation cohort, which comprised 105 pediatric patients with sepsis from Sichuan. (c) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the discovery cohort from Chongqing. (d) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the validation cohort from Sichuan. AUC refers to the area under the ROC curve; the cut-off value indicates the optimal diagnostic cutoff points for pediatric patients with sepsis; Sens (%): sensitivity; Spec (%): specificity; PPV(%): positive predictive value; NPV(%): negative predictive value.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ROC curves for IL-37 at admission for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with sepsis. (a) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the discovery cohort, which included 40 pediatric patients with sepsis from Chongqing. (b) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the validation cohort, which comprised 105 pediatric patients with sepsis from Sichuan. (c) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the discovery cohort from Chongqing. (d) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the validation cohort from Sichuan. AUC refers to the area under the ROC curve; the cut-off value indicates the optimal diagnostic cutoff points for pediatric patients with sepsis; Sens (%): sensitivity; Spec (%): specificity; PPV(%): positive predictive value; NPV(%): negative predictive value.

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay

    The involvement of IL-37 in regulating inflammation during sepsis in vivo . (a) The flow chart detailing the animal experiments was provided. (b) A significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours after the administration of IL-37, in comparison to the control group treated with PBS and the control following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in (c) blood and (d) PLF from septic mice (n = 5 per group), treated with either IL-37 or PBS 24 hours post-CLP, were quantified using ELISA. (e) mice (n = 8 per group) were injected intraperitoneally with rhIL-37 (2 μg/injection) at CLP, and survival was monitored for 7 days. The results for CXCL-1, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-10 in PLF were presented in a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The involvement of IL-37 in regulating inflammation during sepsis in vivo . (a) The flow chart detailing the animal experiments was provided. (b) A significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours after the administration of IL-37, in comparison to the control group treated with PBS and the control following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in (c) blood and (d) PLF from septic mice (n = 5 per group), treated with either IL-37 or PBS 24 hours post-CLP, were quantified using ELISA. (e) mice (n = 8 per group) were injected intraperitoneally with rhIL-37 (2 μg/injection) at CLP, and survival was monitored for 7 days. The results for CXCL-1, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-10 in PLF were presented in a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Comparison, Control, Ligation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Injection

    The effects on macrophages and neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours post-treatment with IL-37 or PBS in CLP mice (n=5 per group). Peritoneal macrophages were identified by gating on CD11b+F4/80+ cells. M1 macrophages in the abdominal cavity were identified by gating on F4/80+CD86+, while M2 macrophages were identified by gating on F4/80+CD206+. Peritoneal neutrophils were identified by gating on CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. (a) Shows the total number of macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (b) Displays the number of F4/80+CD86+(M1) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference when compared to septic mice treated with PBS control (Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Illustrates the number of F4/80+CD206+(M2) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (d) Depicts the number of neutrophils in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects on macrophages and neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours post-treatment with IL-37 or PBS in CLP mice (n=5 per group). Peritoneal macrophages were identified by gating on CD11b+F4/80+ cells. M1 macrophages in the abdominal cavity were identified by gating on F4/80+CD86+, while M2 macrophages were identified by gating on F4/80+CD206+. Peritoneal neutrophils were identified by gating on CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. (a) Shows the total number of macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (b) Displays the number of F4/80+CD86+(M1) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference when compared to septic mice treated with PBS control (Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Illustrates the number of F4/80+CD206+(M2) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (d) Depicts the number of neutrophils in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP.

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY

    The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant following treatment with IL-37 or PBS for 24 hours on PBMCs derived from pediatric patients with sepsis (n=4). The cytokines were quantified using the flow cytometry CBA method. a–f display the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, respectively, in the culture supernatant after treatment.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant following treatment with IL-37 or PBS for 24 hours on PBMCs derived from pediatric patients with sepsis (n=4). The cytokines were quantified using the flow cytometry CBA method. a–f display the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, respectively, in the culture supernatant after treatment.

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry

    The role of IL-37 in the immune regulation of sepsis in vitro . It presents the changes on lymphocyte subsets in pediatric sepsis patients following the administration with IL-37 in PBMCs. The parameters measured included: (a) the percentage of CD3+ T cells, (b) the percentage of CD4+ T cells, (c) the percentage of CD8+ T cells, (d) the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, (e) the percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, (f) the percentage of NK cells, and (g) the percentage of NKT cells. A statistically significant difference was observed with *P < 0.05 when compared to pediatric septic PBMCs treated with PBS control, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The role of IL-37 in the immune regulation of sepsis in vitro . It presents the changes on lymphocyte subsets in pediatric sepsis patients following the administration with IL-37 in PBMCs. The parameters measured included: (a) the percentage of CD3+ T cells, (b) the percentage of CD4+ T cells, (c) the percentage of CD8+ T cells, (d) the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, (e) the percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, (f) the percentage of NK cells, and (g) the percentage of NKT cells. A statistically significant difference was observed with *P < 0.05 when compared to pediatric septic PBMCs treated with PBS control, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.

    Article Snippet: The recombinant human IL-37 protein (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) and anti-IL-37 (1 μg, 10 ng; Lot: UAE0322071, R&D Systems, USA) were added to the PBMC cultures, which were maintained in Gibco 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere, with a cell density of 1×10^6/mL.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

    Serum IL-37 levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum IL-37 levels on the day of admission were elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. Serum IL-37 concentrations were quantified using ELISA in peripheral blood samples. (a) Cohorts Design: The study included a discovery cohort-Chongqing comprising healthy controls (n = 32), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 32), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 40), as well as a validation cohort consisting of healthy controls (n = 48), pediatric non-septic infection controls (n = 40), and pediatric sepsis patients (n = 105). (b) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 concentrations were significantly higher in pediatric patients with sepsis. (c) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 concentrations were also elevated in pediatric patients with sepsis. (d) In the discovery cohort (Chongqing), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. (e) In the validation cohort (Sichuan), serum IL-37 levels in children with septic shock were higher than those in children with sepsis without shock. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Biomarker Discovery

    The level of IL-37 in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis. The pathogenic bacteria infected in patients with sepsis, (a) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing), (b) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). Serum concentrations of IL-37 in patients with sepsis associated with bacterial infections were measured (c) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (e) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). The serum IL-37 concentrations were evaluated in cases of sepsis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (d) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (f) in the validation cohort (Sichuan).

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The level of IL-37 in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis. The pathogenic bacteria infected in patients with sepsis, (a) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing), (b) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). Serum concentrations of IL-37 in patients with sepsis associated with bacterial infections were measured (c) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (e) in the validation cohort (Sichuan). The serum IL-37 concentrations were evaluated in cases of sepsis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (d) in the discovery cohort (Chongqing) and (f) in the validation cohort (Sichuan).

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: Bacteria, Infection, Biomarker Discovery

    The ROC curves for IL-37 at admission for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with sepsis. (a) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the discovery cohort, which included 40 pediatric patients with sepsis from Chongqing. (b) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the validation cohort, which comprised 105 pediatric patients with sepsis from Sichuan. (c) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the discovery cohort from Chongqing. (d) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the validation cohort from Sichuan. AUC refers to the area under the ROC curve; the cut-off value indicates the optimal diagnostic cutoff points for pediatric patients with sepsis; Sens (%): sensitivity; Spec (%): specificity; PPV(%): positive predictive value; NPV(%): negative predictive value.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ROC curves for IL-37 at admission for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with sepsis. (a) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the discovery cohort, which included 40 pediatric patients with sepsis from Chongqing. (b) The ROC curve for IL-37, IL-6, CRP, and PCT at admission in the validation cohort, which comprised 105 pediatric patients with sepsis from Sichuan. (c) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the discovery cohort from Chongqing. (d) The ROC curve for IL-37 combined with PCT, CRP, and IL-6 in the validation cohort from Sichuan. AUC refers to the area under the ROC curve; the cut-off value indicates the optimal diagnostic cutoff points for pediatric patients with sepsis; Sens (%): sensitivity; Spec (%): specificity; PPV(%): positive predictive value; NPV(%): negative predictive value.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay

    The involvement of IL-37 in regulating inflammation during sepsis in vivo . (a) The flow chart detailing the animal experiments was provided. (b) A significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours after the administration of IL-37, in comparison to the control group treated with PBS and the control following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in (c) blood and (d) PLF from septic mice (n = 5 per group), treated with either IL-37 or PBS 24 hours post-CLP, were quantified using ELISA. (e) mice (n = 8 per group) were injected intraperitoneally with rhIL-37 (2 μg/injection) at CLP, and survival was monitored for 7 days. The results for CXCL-1, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-10 in PLF were presented in a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The involvement of IL-37 in regulating inflammation during sepsis in vivo . (a) The flow chart detailing the animal experiments was provided. (b) A significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours after the administration of IL-37, in comparison to the control group treated with PBS and the control following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in (c) blood and (d) PLF from septic mice (n = 5 per group), treated with either IL-37 or PBS 24 hours post-CLP, were quantified using ELISA. (e) mice (n = 8 per group) were injected intraperitoneally with rhIL-37 (2 μg/injection) at CLP, and survival was monitored for 7 days. The results for CXCL-1, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-10 in PLF were presented in a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance was observed with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Comparison, Control, Ligation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Injection

    The effects on macrophages and neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours post-treatment with IL-37 or PBS in CLP mice (n=5 per group). Peritoneal macrophages were identified by gating on CD11b+F4/80+ cells. M1 macrophages in the abdominal cavity were identified by gating on F4/80+CD86+, while M2 macrophages were identified by gating on F4/80+CD206+. Peritoneal neutrophils were identified by gating on CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. (a) Shows the total number of macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (b) Displays the number of F4/80+CD86+(M1) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference when compared to septic mice treated with PBS control (Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Illustrates the number of F4/80+CD206+(M2) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (d) Depicts the number of neutrophils in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects on macrophages and neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) 24 hours post-treatment with IL-37 or PBS in CLP mice (n=5 per group). Peritoneal macrophages were identified by gating on CD11b+F4/80+ cells. M1 macrophages in the abdominal cavity were identified by gating on F4/80+CD86+, while M2 macrophages were identified by gating on F4/80+CD206+. Peritoneal neutrophils were identified by gating on CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. (a) Shows the total number of macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (b) Displays the number of F4/80+CD86+(M1) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference when compared to septic mice treated with PBS control (Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Illustrates the number of F4/80+CD206+(M2) macrophages in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP. (d) Depicts the number of neutrophils in the PLF of CLP mice treated with IL-37–24 hours post-CLP.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY

    The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant following treatment with IL-37 or PBS for 24 hours on PBMCs derived from pediatric patients with sepsis (n=4). The cytokines were quantified using the flow cytometry CBA method. a–f display the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, respectively, in the culture supernatant after treatment.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant following treatment with IL-37 or PBS for 24 hours on PBMCs derived from pediatric patients with sepsis (n=4). The cytokines were quantified using the flow cytometry CBA method. a–f display the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, respectively, in the culture supernatant after treatment.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry

    The role of IL-37 in the immune regulation of sepsis in vitro . It presents the changes on lymphocyte subsets in pediatric sepsis patients following the administration with IL-37 in PBMCs. The parameters measured included: (a) the percentage of CD3+ T cells, (b) the percentage of CD4+ T cells, (c) the percentage of CD8+ T cells, (d) the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, (e) the percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, (f) the percentage of NK cells, and (g) the percentage of NKT cells. A statistically significant difference was observed with *P < 0.05 when compared to pediatric septic PBMCs treated with PBS control, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: The diagnostic and immunomodulatory role of IL-37 in pediatric sepsis

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1765956

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The role of IL-37 in the immune regulation of sepsis in vitro . It presents the changes on lymphocyte subsets in pediatric sepsis patients following the administration with IL-37 in PBMCs. The parameters measured included: (a) the percentage of CD3+ T cells, (b) the percentage of CD4+ T cells, (c) the percentage of CD8+ T cells, (d) the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, (e) the percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, (f) the percentage of NK cells, and (g) the percentage of NKT cells. A statistically significant difference was observed with *P < 0.05 when compared to pediatric septic PBMCs treated with PBS control, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-37 protein (Lot: MLB0319061, R&D Systems, USA) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 μg per injection ( , ) immediately following the CLP procedure.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Control, MANN-WHITNEY